What effect does pulmonary fibrosis have on ventilation?

• A. Increases lung compliance
• B. Causes scarring of lung tissue
• C. Enhances gas exchange
• D. Increases airway resistance

Answer: (B)

Pulmonary fibrosis primarily leads to the scarring of lung tissue, which is central to the disease's impact on lung function. In this condition, the lung tissue becomes thickened and stiff due to fibrosis, which reduces the elasticity of the lungs. This scarring makes it difficult for the lungs to expand adequately during inhalation, thereby impeding normal ventilation.

The consequences include decreased lung compliance, meaning the lungs have a reduced ability to stretch and fill with air. As a result, the work of breathing increases, and patients often experience shortness of breath, especially during exertion. Understanding the role of scarring in pulmonary fibrosis is critical, as it directly affects not only ventilation but also the efficiency of gas exchange, leading to lower oxygen levels in the blood.

Other answer options do not accurately capture the primary effect of pulmonary fibrosis. For instance, the condition does not enhance gas exchange or increase lung compliance. Conversely, while increased airway resistance can occur in a variety of respiratory conditions, in pulmonary fibrosis, the hallmark feature is primarily the scarring and stiffening of the lung tissue itself.