What role does pathology play in gas exchange?

• A. Improves transfer of oxygen
• B. Reduces effectiveness of CO2 elimination
• C. Enhances lung compliance
• D. Decreases respiratory demand

Answer: (B)

Pathology significantly impacts the efficiency of gas exchange, particularly regarding carbon dioxide elimination. In conditions like chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), pneumonia, or pulmonary fibrosis, the structure and function of the lung tissues can be impaired. This leads to reduced surface area for gas exchange and alterations in ventilation-perfusion ratios.

When the effectiveness of CO2 elimination is compromised, it can result in the retention of carbon dioxide in the bloodstream, leading to hypercapnia. The decreased ability to properly expel CO2 not only affects the acid-base balance in the body but can also lead to respiratory distress and increased workload for the respiratory muscles. Consequently, the primary role of pathology in gas exchange is often associated with a reduction in the effectiveness of carbon dioxide elimination, underscoring the importance of maintaining healthy lung function for efficient gas exchange.