What term describes air in the thorax when the pleural membrane is broken?

• A. Pneumothorax
• B. Hemothorax
• C. Hydrothorax
• D. Chylothorax

Answer: (A)

The term that describes air in the thorax when the pleural membrane is broken is pneumothorax. This condition occurs when air leaks into the pleural space, which is the cavity between the lungs and the chest wall. The presence of air in this space can lead to lung collapse and various respiratory complications, as it disrupts the negative pressure needed for normal lung expansion during inhalation.

Pneumothorax can occur due to trauma, such as a rib fracture or penetrating injury, or spontaneously, without any apparent cause. Understanding this condition is important for recognizing the potential for respiratory distress and the need for medical intervention.

In contrast, other terms relate to different substances or conditions within the thoracic cavity. A hemothorax refers to the accumulation of blood in the pleural space, often as a result of trauma or injury. A hydrothorax relates to the accumulation of fluid, usually serous fluid, in the pleural space, often due to conditions such as heart failure or malignancy. Chylothorax involves the presence of lymphatic fluid, typically due to injury to the thoracic duct. Each of these conditions has distinct characteristics and implications for treatment, making it crucial to identify the correct terminology based on the