Which condition is characterized by inflamed membranes causing increased friction during breathing?

• A. Pneumonia
• B. Pleuritis
• C. Pneumothorax
• D. Bronchitis

Answer: (B)

Pleuritis, also known as pleurisy, is characterized by the inflammation of the pleura, which are the membranes surrounding the lungs and lining the chest cavity. When these membranes become inflamed, the smooth surfaces that normally allow the lungs to glide easily against the chest wall during breathing become rough and irritated. This increased friction can lead to sharp, stabbing pain during inhalation and exhalation as the inflamed pleura rub against each other, making pleuritis distinctly recognizable by this discomfort during breathing. The inflammation can be caused by various factors, including infections, autoimmune conditions, or injury.

In contrast, pneumonia pertains to inflammation of the lung tissue itself, primarily affecting the air sacs (alveoli) and typically associated with symptoms such as cough, fever, and difficulty breathing. Pneumothorax involves the presence of air in the pleural space, which can lead to collapsed lung but is not associated with the friction from inflamed membranes. Lastly, bronchitis refers to inflammation of the bronchial tubes, resulting in coughing and mucus production but does not directly relate to the pleura or cause the specific friction described.